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AMC 10 & 12

Angle Chasing

A small set of angle facts, chained together, can pin down any angle in a diagram — the trick is knowing which fact applies where.

Angle chasing isn't really one technique — it's knowing this short list of facts well enough to spot which one applies at each step of a diagram:

  • Angles in a triangle sum to 180°180°.
  • Exterior angle theorem: an exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles.
  • Parallel lines cut by a transversal: corresponding angles are equal, alternate interior angles are equal, and co-interior (same-side interior) angles are supplementary.
  • Inscribed angle theorem: an inscribed angle equals half its intercepted arc.
  • An angle inscribed in a semicircle is always 90°90°.
  • Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

The inscribed angle theorem in detail

inscribed angle=12(intercepted arc)\text{inscribed angle} = \dfrac{1}{2}\,(\text{intercepted arc})

A direct consequence: any two inscribed angles that intercept the same arc are equal to each other, regardless of where their vertices sit on the circle. This is one of the most-used facts in circle geometry problems.

The auxiliary-line move

When you're stuck, the single most useful move in angle chasing is drawing an auxiliary line — often a line parallel to one already in the diagram, through a point that lets you split a compound angle into two pieces you already know how to find.

Worked example

Problem: In the diagram, line 1\ell_1 is parallel to line 2\ell_2. A ray from a point between the two lines makes a 35°35° angle down to 1\ell_1 and a50°50° angle up to 2\ell_2. Find the angle between the two rays at that point.

Solution: Draw an auxiliary line through the point, parallel to both 1\ell_1and 2\ell_2. By alternate interior angles, this splits the angle between the two given rays into two pieces equal to 35°35° and 50°50° respectively. So the total angle is35°+50°=85°35° + 50° = 85°.

Practice problems

1.A triangle has two angles measuring 52°52° and 67°67°. Find the third angle.

2.An exterior angle of a triangle measures 110°110°. If one of the remote interior angles is 40°40°, find the other remote interior angle.

3.An inscribed angle intercepts an arc of 80°80°. What is the inscribed angle?

4.A cyclic quadrilateral has one angle of 105°105°. Find the opposite angle.